Medications used in dementia: their management and the role of the community nurse

Abstract

Dementia care embraces biological, psychological, spiritual and social components, commonly referred to as a biopsychosocial model. From a biological standpoint, dementia is caused by different diseases, each resulting in damage to nerve cells and transmitter pathways. Most people with dementia reside in a community setting, such as care homes or in their own homes, whether living alone or with family carers and supporters. This article considers the place of medications of the biopsychosocial model and discusses common medications used for: (i) for cognitive symptoms; (ii) non-cognitive symptoms; (iii) other medical conditions that occur alongside dementia. Nurses are in a prime position to support safe and effective care in medications management. The article also examines the implications and effects of polypharmacy on people with dementia, as well as some of the challenges involved in administration, such as covert administration of medicines, polypharmacy and a person's non-adherence.