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A coaching program to improve quality of life in older people in Japan: a randomised controlled trial

02 July 2019
Care of the Older Person
02 July 2019
Volume 24 · Issue 7

Abstract

As the world's population ages, efforts to improve quality of life (QOL) in old age are gaining public attention. In this study, a programme was conducted for older people with the aim of clarifying their life goals related to QOL and the meaning of their existence, and the effect of the programme in improving QOL was evaluated. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group after registration. The program consisted of four 90-minute classes. The primary outcome was the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale score (PGC), and changes in outcomes were compared between groups. The intervention group had significantly improved PGC scores (P<0.003). Further, the scores of PGC subscales ‘Acceptance of one's own ageing’ and ‘Lonely dissatisfaction’ showed significant improvements after the intervention (P<0.001). The findings suggest the effectiveness of the developed program in improving QOL in people aged ≥65 years.

Population ageing has increased worldwide in the last decade, and Japan has become a super-ageing society with people aged ≥65 years accounting for 26.6% of the country's population (Cabinet Office, 2015). This percentage is the highest of all ≥65-year-old populations in other Asian countries, as well as compared to the US and Europe. Indeed, the rate of population ageing in Japan has been increasing every year and is predicted to reach 39.9% in 2060, with one in 2.5 people turning 65 years or older (Cabinet Office, 2015). According to estimates in the UK, the number of people aged 80 years or older will double in 30 years (Office for National Statistics (ONS), 2013). Further, the average life expectancy in the UK in 2014 was 79.2 years for men and 82.9 years for women (ONS, 2018). On the other hand, the average healthy life expectancy at age 65 years in the UK is 10.7 for men and 12.1 for women (ONS, 2014). For these reasons, it is suggested that older people will require support and nursing care for at least 5 years towards the end of their life. As in Japan, there is a global need for efforts towards supporting the health and wellbeing of older people.

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Quality of life
Old age
Acceptance
Coaching programme
Successful ageing